UNIT 11. TOOLS AND MACHINES (3º E.P.)

UNIT 11. TOOLS AND MACHINES

TOOLS AND MACHINES

Tools and machines are things that make our life easier.

A machines is a group of parts that use energy to carry out a task. There are two types of machines:

- Simple machines: For example, the lever. It has two parts: an arm and a head. We use a lever to lift an object suppoted on the head using the energy of the arm.

- Complex machines: For example, a motor (it uses electricity or petrol).

TOOLS AND MACHINES FOR WORK

We need tolos and machines because theypermit us to do jobs quickly, easily and safely. For example today in agriculture we use tractors and in the past farmers worked with their hands. In building, now we lift weights using cranes but in the past, people did it by hand.

TOOLS FOR COMMUNICATION AND HAVING FUN

·         Communication

-          The radio: produces sound.

-          The television: produces moving pictures and sounds.

-          The telephone: permits us to talk over long distances. There are fixed telephones and mobile phones.

-          The internet and computers: permits us to receive different types of information.

·         Having fun

-          To create art: to take photos, to make films, record music..

-          To play sports: footballs, basketballs, racing cars…

-          Top lay: electronical toys

-          To entertain and inform: computer, radios, MP3…

UNIT 10. WORK (3º E.P)

UNIT 10. WORK

WORK

People work in different jobs. A job is an activity we do to earn Money. There are two types of job:

-          Paid: you receive Money.

-          Unpaid: you don´t receive Money.

Work is divided into three groups:

-          Primary sector: obtain natural products from nature.

-          Secondary sector: transform natural products into manufactured products.

-          Tertiary sector: give services.

NATURAL PRODUCTS

We get natural producs from nature. There are different activities:

-          Agriculture: we cultívate the land to obtain cereals, fruit and vegetables.

-          Stock farming: There are different types of stock farming (pig farmin, sheep farming, poultry farming and cattle farming).

-          Fishing: we fish fish and shellfish.

-          Mining: we excávate rocks, minerals , metals and dig mines.

MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

We transform natural products into manufactured products in two ways: craft and industry.

-          Craf: craftsmen transform of natural products using the hands and simple tools. For example, pottery and carpentery.

-          Industry: industrial workers transform natural products using machines. For example: cars, medicines, etc.

SERVICES

There are different groups:

-          Health care: doctor, nurse, dentist…

-          Education: teacher

-          Press: journalist

-          Transport: taxi driver, bus driver, etc

There are other services: firemen, policemen, lawyer, shop assistant…

UNIT 9. SENSES, ENERGY AND MATTER (3º E.P.)

UNIT 9 SENSES, ENERGY AND MATTER

OUR SENSES

We have five senses:

-          Sight. We see with rhe eyes.

-          Hearing. We hear with the ears.

-          Smell. We smell with the nose.

-          Taste . We taste with the tongue.

-          Touch. We touch with the skin.

ENERGY

Engery is a force that can change and move things from one place to another.

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS AND GASES

Everything is made of matter. Matter can be in three states:

-          Solids: fixed shape and same size. For example, iron, aluminium and glass.

-          Liquids: they adapt to the container but do not expand. They flow. For example, wáter, milk, etc.

-          Gases: they expand and they are invisible. For example, natural gas and butane.