UNIT 11 (SOCIAL SCIENCE 4º)

UNIT 11. SOCIETIES CHANGE II

THE MIDDLE AGES

·         Society in the middle ages

The middle ages began after the end of the Roman Empire and finished with the discovery of America.

There were small kingdoms governed by a King. There were different groups of people:

-          Nobles: lived in castles and had their own armies. They helped the King in wars.

-          Clergy: they lived in monasteries. They could read and write and they dedicatd to pray.

-          Craftsmen and mercants: they lived in cities and formed the first businesses.

-          Peasants: the biggest and poorest group. They worked in the farms of the nobles and clergy and received food and protection.

THE MODERN AGE

·         Society in the Modern Age

The Modern Age began with the discovery of America and finished with the French Revolution. The kingdoms joint and formed countries.

There was still a King and nobles who had all the power and Money. There were wars between countries. The biggest countries started to explore and form empires.

Advances which permited the exploration of the world:

-          Better ships, trade between Europe and America developed.

-          The compass improved navigation.

-          New maps.

THE CONTEMPORARY AGE

·         Society in the Contemporary Age

Changes during the Contemporary Age:

-          Liberty and equality for everyone. Democracies developed.

-          The Industrial Revolution started after the invention of the steam engine.

-          Scientific and technical advances.

There were new machines and new forms of energy:

-          The steam engine was very important for the Industrial Revolution.

-          Coal produced energy for the steam engine but it increased pollution.

HOW THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHANGED THE WORLD

-          Old craft workshops transformed into factories.

-          Factories were in cities and a new social class formed: the working class.

-          Population grew because they were healthier and richer.

-          There were scientif and technical advances.

-          New energy sources but pollution increased.

-          Communications improved (telephone, radio, television, internet)